Charles James Brenham (November 6, 1817 – May 10, 1876) was an American politician, banker, and steamboat captain. He served as the 2nd Mayor of San Francisco, California in 1851; and again as the 4th mayor of San Francisco, from 1852 until 1853.

During his terms as mayor, the city faced a huge increase in crime; the formation of citizen-led vigilance committees such as the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance; public lynchings; and due to a large influx of immigration, the city then experienced higher food prices and water shortages.

See also